BigQuery’s powerful architecture is built on four core Google technologies: Dremel, Colossus, Jupiter, and Borg. Dremel is the distributed query engine that processes SQL queries at massive scale, Colossus is Google’s highly reliable distributed storage system, Jupiter is the ultra-fast network connecting thousands of machines, and Borg is Google’s cluster management system that automatically handles resource allocation and scaling. Together, these technologies allow BigQuery to analyze petabytes of data quickly, efficiently, and without infrastructure management.